Official Announcement of the Cessation of Attacks and Immediate Causes

On November 12, 2025, the Houthi forces in Yemen publicly announced the termination of all attacks on commercial ships in the Red Sea, including the lifting of the “blockade” on Israeli ports. This decision marks the formal conclusion of the two-year Red Sea crisis. The immediate reason for the cessation is linked to a leadership change within the Houthi forces. Former Chief of Staff Major General Mohammed Al-Ghamari, the mastermind behind the anti-shipping operations, was killed in an airstrike on August 28. His successor, Major General Yusuf Hassan Madani, announced the policy shift via an open letter.

Underlying Motivations and Potential Risks

The Houthi forces’ change in stance stems from multiple pressures: recent airstrikes by Israel and the United States not only destroyed their missile and drone infrastructure but also caused casualties among senior leaders. Simultaneously, the group fears that continuing attacks amid accelerating regional reconciliation efforts could lead to political isolation. Oman’s mediation also played a critical role. However, the Houthi forces remain loyal to Hamas, and hostilities could resume if the situation in Gaza deteriorates, meaning stability in the Red Sea shipping route remains uncertain.

Crisis Timeline and Signs of Shipping Recovery

The Red Sea crisis began in October 2023 following the outbreak of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In November of the same year, the Houthi forces hijacked the commercial ship “Galaxy Leader” and subsequently continued to attack vessels using drones, anti-ship missiles, and other means, forcing most shipping companies to reroute via the Cape of Good Hope. In 2024, the U.S. and U.K. launched “Operation Prosperity Guardian” to provide escort, but the attacks were not fully contained. Prior to the crisis’s conclusion, CMA CGM’s “CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin” successfully conducted a trial passage through the Suez Canal at the end of October, becoming the first 18,000 TEU-class large container ship to traverse the Red Sea in two years, signaling the initial signs of shipping recovery.

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